SpringBoot与数据访问

1.JDBC

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

spring:
  datasource:
    username: root
    password: 123456
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/jdbc
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

效果：

​ 默认是用org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource作为数据源；

​ 数据源的相关配置都在DataSourceProperties里面；

自动配置原理：

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc：

1、参考DataSourceConfiguration，根据配置创建数据源，默认使用Tomcat连接池；可以使用spring.datasource.type指定自定义的数据源类型；

2、SpringBoot默认可以支持；

org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource、HikariDataSource、BasicDataSource、

3、自定义数据源类型

/**
 * Generic DataSource configuration.
 */
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type")
static class Generic {

   @Bean
   public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
       //使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源，利用反射创建响应type的数据源，并且绑定相关属性
      return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build();
   }

}

4、DataSourceInitializer：ApplicationListener；

​ 作用：

​ 1）、runSchemaScripts();运行建表语句；

​ 2）、runDataScripts();运行插入数据的sql语句；

默认只需要将文件命名为：

schema-*.sql、data-*.sql
默认规则：schema.sql，schema-all.sql；
可以使用   
    schema:
      - classpath:department.sql
      指定位置

5、操作数据库：自动配置了JdbcTemplate操作数据库

2.整合Druid数据源

导入druid数据源
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    @Bean
    public DataSource druid(){
       return  new DruidDataSource();
    }

    //配置Druid的监控
    //1、配置一个管理后台的Servlet
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
        ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();

        initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");
        initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");
        initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问
        initParams.put("deny","192.168.15.21");

        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        return bean;
    }


    //2、配置一个web监控的filter
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
        FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());

        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");

        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);

        bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));

        return  bean;
    }
}

3.整合MyBatis

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

步骤：

​ 1）、配置数据源相关属性（见上一节Druid）

​ 2）、给数据库建表

​ 3）、创建JavaBean

4、注解版

//指定这是一个操作数据库的mapper
@Mapper
public interface DepartmentMapper {

    @Select("select * from department where id=#{id}")
    public Department getDeptById(Integer id);

    @Delete("delete from department where id=#{id}")
    public int deleteDeptById(Integer id);

    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true,keyProperty = "id")
    @Insert("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})")
    public int insertDept(Department department);

    @Update("update department set departmentName=#{departmentName} where id=#{id}")
    public int updateDept(Department department);
}

问题：

自定义MyBatis的配置规则；给容器中添加一个ConfigurationCustomizer；

@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {

    @Bean
    public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){
        return new ConfigurationCustomizer(){

            @Override
            public void customize(Configuration configuration) {
                configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
            }
        };
    }
}

使用MapperScan批量扫描所有的Mapper接口；
@MapperScan(value = "com.atguigu.springboot.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication.class, args);
    }
}

5、配置文件版

mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml 指定全局配置文件的位置
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml  指定sql映射文件的位置

更多使用参照

链接

4、整合SpringData JPA

1、SpringData简介

2、整合SpringData JPA

JPA:ORM（Object Relational Mapping）；

1）、编写一个实体类（bean）和数据表进行映射，并且配置好映射关系；

//使用JPA注解配置映射关系
@Entity //告诉JPA这是一个实体类（和数据表映射的类）
@Table(name = "tbl_user") //@Table来指定和哪个数据表对应;如果省略默认表名就是user；
public class User {

    @Id //这是一个主键
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//自增主键
    private Integer id;

    @Column(name = "last_name",length = 50) //这是和数据表对应的一个列
    private String lastName;
    @Column //省略默认列名就是属性名
    private String email;

2）、编写一个Dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表（Repository）

//继承JpaRepository来完成对数据库的操作
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}

3）、基本的配置JpaProperties

spring:  
 jpa:
    hibernate:
#     更新或者创建数据表结构
      ddl-auto: update
#    控制台显示SQL
    show-sql: true

七、启动配置原理

几个重要的事件回调机制

配置在META-INF/spring.factories

ApplicationContextInitializer

SpringApplicationRunListener

只需要放在ioc容器中

ApplicationRunner

CommandLineRunner

启动流程：

1、创建SpringApplication对象

initialize(sources);
private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
    //保存主配置类
    if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
        this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
    }
    //判断当前是否一个web应用
    this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
    //从类路径下找到META-INF/spring.factories配置的所有ApplicationContextInitializer；然后保存起来
    setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
        ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
    //从类路径下找到ETA-INF/spring.factories配置的所有ApplicationListener
    setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
    //从多个配置类中找到有main方法的主配置类
    this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}

2、运行run方法

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
   StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
   stopWatch.start();
   ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
   FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
   configureHeadlessProperty();

   //获取SpringApplicationRunListeners；从类路径下META-INF/spring.factories
   SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    //回调所有的获取SpringApplicationRunListener.starting()方法
   listeners.starting();
   try {
       //封装命令行参数
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
            args);
      //准备环境
      ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
            applicationArguments);
               //创建环境完成后回调SpringApplicationRunListener.environmentPrepared()；表示环境准备完成

      Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);

       //创建ApplicationContext；决定创建web的ioc还是普通的ioc
      context = createApplicationContext();

      analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
       //准备上下文环境;将environment保存到ioc中；而且applyInitializers()；
       //applyInitializers()：回调之前保存的所有的ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize方法
       //回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared()；
       //
      prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
            printedBanner);
       //prepareContext运行完成以后回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded（）；

       //s刷新容器；ioc容器初始化（如果是web应用还会创建嵌入式的Tomcat）；Spring注解版
       //扫描，创建，加载所有组件的地方；（配置类，组件，自动配置）
      refreshContext(context);
       //从ioc容器中获取所有的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner进行回调
       //ApplicationRunner先回调，CommandLineRunner再回调
      afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
       //所有的SpringApplicationRunListener回调finished方法
      listeners.finished(context, null);
      stopWatch.stop();
      if (this.logStartupInfo) {
         new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
               .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
      }
       //整个SpringBoot应用启动完成以后返回启动的ioc容器；
      return context;
   }
   catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
   }
}

3、事件监听机制

配置在META-INF/spring.factories

ApplicationContextInitializer

public class HelloApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {
    @Override
    public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        System.out.println("ApplicationContextInitializer...initialize..."+applicationContext);
    }
}

SpringApplicationRunListener

public class HelloSpringApplicationRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener {

    //必须有的构造器
    public HelloSpringApplicationRunListener(SpringApplication application, String[] args){

    }

    @Override
    public void starting() {
        System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...starting...");
    }

    @Override
    public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
        Object o = environment.getSystemProperties().get("os.name");
        System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...environmentPrepared.."+o);
    }

    @Override
    public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextPrepared...");
    }

    @Override
    public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextLoaded...");
    }

    @Override
    public void finished(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
        System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...finished...");
    }
}

配置（META-INF/spring.factories）

org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloApplicationContextInitializer

org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\
com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloSpringApplicationRunListener

只需要放在ioc容器中

ApplicationRunner

@Component
public class HelloApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("ApplicationRunner...run....");
    }
}

CommandLineRunner

@Component
public class HelloCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("CommandLineRunner...run..."+ Arrays.asList(args));
    }
}

八、自定义starter

starter：

​ 1、这个场景需要使用到的依赖是什么？

​ 2、如何编写自动配置

@Configuration  //指定这个类是一个配置类
@ConditionalOnXXX  //在指定条件成立的情况下自动配置类生效
@AutoConfigureAfter  //指定自动配置类的顺序
@Bean  //给容器中添加组件

@ConfigurationPropertie结合相关xxxProperties类来绑定相关的配置
@EnableConfigurationProperties //让xxxProperties生效加入到容器中

自动配置类要能加载
将需要启动就加载的自动配置类，配置在META-INF/spring.factories
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\

​ 3、模式：

启动器只用来做依赖导入；

专门来写一个自动配置模块；

启动器依赖自动配置；别人只需要引入启动器（starter）

mybatis-spring-boot-starter；自定义启动器名-spring-boot-starter

步骤：

1）、启动器模块

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         x mlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId>
    <artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <!--启动器-->
    <dependencies>

        <!--引入自动配置模块-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId>
            <artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2）、自动配置模块

< ?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project x mlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <groupId>com.atguigu.starter</groupId>
   <artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>

   <name>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.10.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>

   <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>

      <!--引入spring-boot-starter；所有starter的基本配置-->
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      </dependency>

   </dependencies>



</project>

package com.atguigu.starter;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "atguigu.hello")
public class HelloProperties {

    private String prefix;
    private String suffix;

    public String getPrefix() {
        return prefix;
    }

    public void setPrefix(String prefix) {
        this.prefix = prefix;
    }

    public String getSuffix() {
        return suffix;
    }

    public void setSuffix(String suffix) {
        this.suffix = suffix;
    }
}

package com.atguigu.starter;

public class HelloService {

    HelloProperties helloProperties;

    public HelloProperties getHelloProperties() {
        return helloProperties;
    }

    public void setHelloProperties(HelloProperties helloProperties) {
        this.helloProperties = helloProperties;
    }

    public String sayHellAtguigu(String name){
        return helloProperties.getPrefix()+"-" +name + helloProperties.getSuffix();
    }
}

package com.atguigu.starter;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication //web应用才生效
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)
public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration {

    @Autowired
    HelloProperties helloProperties;
    @Bean
    public HelloService helloService(){
        HelloService service = new HelloService();
        service.setHelloProperties(helloProperties);
        return service;
    }
}

更多SpringBoot整合示例

链接